Public policy
Trace second-order effects and weigh what a choice really costs.
Thinking practices that matter here
- Problem-Solving & Creativity
Second-order effects
The first result of a change can cause the next result.
- Judgement & Decision-Making
Opportunity cost
The cost of a choice includes the best thing you do not do.
- Evidence & Epistemology
Correlation is not causation
Things that move together, or one after the other, are not yet a cause.
- Problem-Solving & Creativity
Problem framing
The first wording of a problem is a hypothesis, not the job itself.
A sample scenario
A free programme looks costless. What else is given up when attention and budget go there?