Law
Assess argument validity and separate claims from evidence.
Thinking practices that matter here
- Logic & Reasoning
Validity
A valid argument is one whose conclusion must follow, not one whose sentences merely sound true.
- Logic & Reasoning
Hidden assumptions
Many arguments depend on a premise that nobody said out loud.
- Logic & Reasoning
False dilemma
Two options are presented as the whole choice when nobody has shown that.
- Evidence & Epistemology
Confirmation bias
A hunch can steer you toward the evidence that flatters it.
A sample scenario
Two true facts are offered in support of a conclusion that does not follow. Spot the break before anyone reaches for rhetoric.